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What is the function of silica in rubber?

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2025-03-27

In rubber products, silica has several important functions. First, silica significantly improves the physical properties of rubber products, including hardness, abrasion resistance, tear resistance, and tensile strength. For example, adding an appropriate amount of silica to silicone rubber can significantly improve its strength, increasing the tensile strength of the vulcanized rubber to 14 MPa, demonstrating a significant reinforcing effect.

 

In addition, silica can reduce the rolling resistance of rubber and improve its skid resistance without sacrificing cutting and tear resistance. In tire manufacturing, silica-filled rubber compounds, compared to ordinary carbon black-filled rubber compounds, can reduce rolling resistance by 30%, and their reinforcing and wear resistance are close to that of carbon black, and they can even replace part of the carbon black.

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How does the addition of nano-silica affect the performance of rubber?

When the amount of nano-silica added is low, the tensile strength of the rubber usually increases with the increase of the amount added. This is because nano-silica can act as a reinforcing agent, forming physical or chemical adsorption with rubber molecular chains. For example, in natural rubber, when the amount of nano-silica added increases from 0 to 5 phr (parts per hundred rubber), the tensile strength may gradually increase. The reason is that nano-silica particles interact with rubber molecular chains, and can effectively transfer and disperse stress during stretching, preventing the slippage of rubber molecular chains, thus improving tensile strength.

2025/03/27