What is silicon dioxide?
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Release time：
2025-03-27
Silicon dioxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SiO₂, widely found in nature and is the most important compound of silicon.
1. Basic Properties
Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) is an inorganic compound composed of silicon and oxygen atoms. It exists in nature in various forms, including crystalline forms (such as quartz) and amorphous forms (such as silica gel). Silicon dioxide is chemically stable, insoluble in water and common acids, but reacts with hydrofluoric acid and strong alkalis.
2. Physical Properties
Melting and Boiling Points: Silicon dioxide has a melting point of approximately 1723℃ and a boiling point of 2230℃, exhibiting high thermal stability.
Hardness and Appearance: Pure silicon dioxide crystals are hard and brittle, colorless and transparent, often used in the manufacture of optical instruments.
Refractive Index: The refractive index of silicon dioxide is approximately 1.6, making it important in the optical field.
3. Forms of Existence
Crystalline Forms: Such as quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite, with quartz being the most common form.
Amorphous Forms: Such as silica gel and glass, with short-range order or long-range disorder in their structure.
4. Application Areas
Silicon dioxide has wide applications in many fields:
Industry: Used in the manufacturing of glass, ceramics, refractory materials, optical fibers, etc.
Electronics: As a high-purity semiconductor material and solar cell material.
Construction: Used as a cement admixture to improve strength and durability.
5. Chemical Structure
In silicon dioxide crystals, silicon atoms are located at the center of a regular tetrahedron, with four oxygen atoms at the vertices. Multiple tetrahedra form a network structure by sharing oxygen atoms.
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